Governing geographical complexity. Which governance in postdemocracy times? 

After a brief presentation of the condition of post-democracy, the concepts of geographical complexty and the territorialization process are arranged in a scheme of interpretation of modernity. In turn, it is used to design a general model of participatory governance that is applied to the analysis of four cases of institutionalized public participation: Swiss people initiative, French public debate, and the Italian regional laws on public participation of Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. Each case is put under the lens of the model adopted and some critical prospects are mentioned. 

Keywords: Public Participation, Participatory Governance Models in Europe, Geographical Complexity, Istitutionalized Public Participation.