The Roman province of Pannonia was subjugated by the Romans under Augustus, but its northern part, between the Drava and the Danube, was occupied only from the reign of Tiberius onwards. In spite of the initially unfavourable outlook, the Romanisation of the province was very successful. This can be seen above of all in the light of its urbanisation: in the period from the Flavians to the Severi all the civitates peregrinae were either converted into municipia or, in some cases, attributed to colonies of veterans. The apogee of the history of Pannonia was the 3rd century, when the Pannonian armies and the «military society» of the province played a very important role in the history of Rome and raised several emperors to the throne, among them the Pannonians Decius, Probus and Maximian. Keywords: Pannonia, romanizzazione, urbanizzazione, società, religione, esercito, imperatori danubiani.